CTF verdict
claim-test exposure · 0–100 illustrative
Observed mean effect
illustrative endpoint units
Opposed response mass
latent sign contradiction
Placebo calibration gap
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same subgroup rule on control
Evidence shortfall
points below this claim’s test threshold
CTF principle: an apparent responder pattern has to survive a placebo negative-control procedure before it should be treated as treatment-specific. The broader claim ladder then shows what the same trial can and cannot support about population benefit, subgroup uniformity, biomarkers, or mechanism. The adjustable cohort is illustrative; the placebo-control falsification evidence is grounded in ALS PRO-ACT.
Trial response field
interactive illustrative cohortWithout CTF · treatment-only story—
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With CTF · identical rule on placebo—
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benefit branchnon-benefit / harm branchcontrolsolid line = observed arm mean